Ratio Analysis and Risk and Return of Fmcg Industry Essay Sample free essay sample

Companies – ITC. HUL. Nestle India. Dabur. Godrej Consumer Products The Indian FMCG sector is the 4th largest sector in the economic system with an estimated size of Rs. 1. 300 billion. The sector has shown an mean one-year growing of about 11 % per annum over the last decennary. Unlike the developed markets. which are conspicuously dominated by few big participants. India’s FMCG market is extremely disconnected and a considerable portion of the market comprises of unorganised participants selling unbranded and unpackaged merchandises. There are about 12-13 million retail shops in India. out of which 9 million are FMCG kirana shops. Index concentration degree: The index is mostly driven by ITC and HUL. as they contribute about 75 % to the entire index. Both companies have posted good consequences. therefore assisting the index to turn despite weak domestic market. If both these companies are excluded so the index comes out to be overvalued by merely 7. 82 % . Therefore. the index has high dependence on these two companies. We will write a custom essay sample on Ratio Analysis and Risk and Return of Fmcg Industry Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Union Budget 2012-13 proved to a assorted bag for the FMCG industry. On one manus. minor addition in the revenue enhancement freedom bounds and some inducements on equity investings were positives as this would increase the disposable income degrees. But on the other manus. the addition in excise responsibility more or less offset the above consequence. We feel that smaller participants would happen it hard to go through on the responsibility hikes to stop consumers and will take to take the brunt of this hiking in a command to keep and turn market portion. On the other manus. deep-pocket participants like Nestle. ITC and HUL with their leading place and strong trade names will be able to go through on the hiking to consumers. Traveling frontward. the moderation of natural stuff monetary values and grasp of rupee against dollar would assist the FMCG companies to keep their borders in future. With addition in disposable income and favorable authorities policies. net gross revenue s growing is expected to stay robust in coming quarters. Sing ongoing economic uncertainness. we expect that FMCG industry will stay an attractive industry for investing. being a safe oasis for investors. FMCG industry. as an investing: FMCG index has systematically given good return to investors over the old ages. Infact. FMCG index has given a return of 12 % in 2011 despite negative returns from Sensex. Traveling frontward. HUL and ITC are expected to enter good public presentation. which could take to positive impact on the rating of the overall FMCG index. In FY-11. HUL has changed its concern scheme and started concentrating on rural market through addition in ad-spends. new launches and spread outing distribution web. As a consequence. it posted good consequences so far and is expected to present good consequences in coming quarters every bit good. ITC. market leader in coffin nails. has benefitted by favorable proclamation in the Union Budget-13 wherein the Government increased the excise responsibility on bidi and other baccy merchandises which could take to consumers switching to coffin nails. With favorable authorities policies and its focal point on turning nutrient processing class. ITC is expected to post good consequences in approaching old ages. Therefore. FMCG index. being a defensive sector. will stay a safe stake for investors. But. as the [ electronic mail protected ]/*figure indicates. most of the companies are merchandising at a premium to their MRPs. Despite this. there are a few basically sound companies in FMCG industry. which are presently available at a good price reduction from their MRPs ( intrinsic value ) . With the overall economic state of affairs non expected to alter much in the coming quarters. investors would be well-advised to: Current Ratio for all the houses is below the criterion ratio 2:1. All the houses are following the same tendency as they have proportionally same difference between current ratio and speedy ratio. Companies have a immense stock list base that holds a major portion of current assets. GCP performed better than wholly as there is a net addition in hard currency flow. increasing the company’s liquidness to run into its short term liability. ITC and Nestle India has a really low hard currency ratio. As Nestle has negative hard currency flow -44 Crores. although ITC performed good this twelvemonth with a net hard currency flow of Rs 55 Crores but they invested in fixed assets and other investings resulted in really low hard currency. HUL and Dabur besides has a positive hard currency flow of Rs 694 Crores and Rs 98 Crores severally. But HUL made investings and dabur has shown an addition over the old old ages but non good as compared to its rivals. Quick ratio of Dabur and GCP has increased over the old twelvemonth. GCP’s hard currency ratio is increased from. 05 to. 4 besides the current ratio is improved over old twelvemonth. Employee turnover Ratios 2012-12 2010-11 Inventory Turnover RatioFixed Asset Turnover RatioEntire Assets Turnover RatioDebtor Turnover Ratio Nestle has the highest stock list turnover ratio of 11. 4 and inventory keeping period of 31 yearss. A good stock list turnover ratio indicates that stock lists are traveling fast and that is required in FMCG industry. All the houses have an stock list ratio above 7 that is a good indicant. HUL has the highest entire Assets turnover ratio and fixed assets turnover. GCP. ITC. Nestle made immense investing in 2011-12 that increased their entire assets and fixed assets. The gross revenues has besides increased but due to investing and increase in fixed assets. Fixed assets and entire assets turnover ratio are lower this twelvemonth but we may see an betterment in the approaching old ages where the investing made in fixed assets may assist in increasing gross revenues doing the good use of assets. Debtor Turnover ratio is high for Nestle 83 times doing the mean aggregation period near to 4 yearss which shows that companies recognition policy are good and they are able to bring forth net capital in a really short clip for daily operating activities. The high value shows that direction might be rigorous towards the debitors and playing safe by hard currency minutess. Debtor turnover ratio for HUL is 28. Dabur is 17. ITC has 39 and GCP has 35 which shows they are able to roll up the hard currency in maximal 21 yearss for Dabur. which is a good indicant for FMCG industry. As stock lists moves fast they need hard currency for operating activities. All the houses have plus direction ratio’s near to industry norm. Nestle has outperformed both the old ages 2010-11 and 2011-12 as their Debtor turnover ratio is twice of the industry norm. Debt – Management Ratio 2011-12 2010-11 Debt-Equity RatioDebt Ratio Debt- Equity ratio is 0 for HUL and ITC and GCP has 7 times and Nestle has 10 times. As all these houses has really low debt and equity. but higher militias.Nestle financed its activities through loan this twelvemonth and took Rs. 976 Crores as loan and low equity of Rs. 96 Crores made the debt-equity ratio really high. Similarly GCP besides took debt in 2011-12 of Rs. 237 Crores but the low equity of Rs. 34 Crores made the debt-equity ratio higher. So higher value of debt-equity ratio does non intend that the companies are trusting chiefly on debt. Debt-Assets ratio / Gearing ratio is below 0. 5 for all the houses indicates that companies are less hazardous. As they have more assets than debts. In future they can run into their long term liabilities with the value of assets they have. ITC and HUL has 0 debt-assets ratio. which indicates their strong place in industry. As they are the major participants in FMCG industry and are capable plenty to run into their assets with militias and excess. non trusting on debts/equity. Nestle had 0 debt in 2010-11 and in 2011-12 they financed through loan. which increased debt-eqity ratio from 0 to 10. GCP had a higher debt-equity ratio in 2010-11 but it is reduced to 7 in 2011-12. All the other houses maintained low debt ratio and debt-equity ratio in both old ages. Net income Margin Ratio2011-12 2010-11 Gross Profit MarginOperating Net income MarginNet Net income Margin All the houses has Gross net income border above 45 % . but ITC has the highest gross net income border of 59 % which indicates good control of cost-of-goods sold and runing net income border 35 % . But GCP has the highest net net income border of 20 % . For both old ages 2010-11 and 2011-12 ITC has highest gross net income border and operating net income border ratio which indicates their efficient production procedure. The gross net income border indicates the efficiency of production and pricing. a higher gross net income border indicates the houses production procedure are good working. All the houses have a net net income border over 10 % which shows that industry is executing good. Profitability Ratios2011-12 2010-11 Tax return on EquityTax return on Assetss ROE and ROA is higher for all the houses. GCP leads with 1800 % returns. HUL has 1200 % . Dabur 200 % . ITC 700 % . Nestle 1000 % return. which is a good mark for investing. As Rs. 1 investing would give a Rs. 18 return. But the companies are non trusting much on equity. ROA is highest for HUL. as the house is using its assets and has an ROA of 1700 % . Other houses besides have ROA above 500 % . which indicates that they are using the assets really good. As a consequence the houses are intensively puting in fixed assets as to bring forth more volumes. GCP has highest Roe for both old ages and much above industry norm. Hazard and Return NIFTY:Average day-to-day Market Return| 9. 0381E-05|Average Annual Return| 2. 28 % |Geometric Mean Return| 1. 000017478|Discrepancy of Index| | 0. 0001462|| | | |Risk Free Return. Rf| | 8. 09 % | HUL: Average Daily Return of Stock| 0. 001163679|Average Annual Return| 29. 32 % |Standard Deviation of Daily Stock Return| 0. 014864983|Discrepancy of Daily Stock Return| 0. 000220968|Covariance of Stock and NIFTY| 3. 3892E-05|Geometric Mean Return| 1. 001053876|BETA ( utilizing incline fn ) | 0. 232281744|Required Rate of Return| 6. 74 % |Systematic Hazard of Stock| 0. 001987823|Unsystematic Risk| 0. 053696042| ITC: Average Daily Return of Stock| 0. 00017751|Average Annual Return| 4. 47 % |Standard Deviation of Daily Stock Return| 0. 026776465|Discrepancy of Daily Stock Return| 0. 000716979|Covariance of Stock and NIFTY| 6. 83846E-05|Geometric Mean Return| 0. 999678281|BETA ( utilizing incline fn ) | 0. 468678957|Required Rate of Return| 5. 37 % |Systematic Hazard of Stock| 0. 008092792|Unsystematic Risk| 0. 172585932| Dabur: Average Daily Return of Stock| -0. 000291509|Average Annua Return| -7. 35 % |Standard Deviation of Daily Stock Return| 0. 027196376|Discrepancy of Daily Stock Return| 0. 000739643|Covariance of Stock and NIFTY| 4. 95522E-05|Geometric Mean Return| 0. 999201699|BETA ( utilizing incline fn ) | 0. 339609723|Required Rate of Return| 6. 12 % |Systematic Hazard of Stock| 0. 004249205|Unsystematic Risk| 0. 182140793| Nestle India: Average Daily Return of Stock| 0. 001214306|Average Annual Return| 30. 60 % |Standard Deviation of Daily Stock Return| 0. 015235535|Discrepancy of Daily Stock Return| 0. 000232122|Covariance of Stock and NIFTY| 4. 02109E-05|Geometric Mean Return| 1. 001098493|BETA ( utilizing incline fn ) | 0. 275588703|Required Rate of Return| 6. 49 % |Systematic Hazard of Stock| 0. 002798145|Unsystematic Risk| 0. 055696483| Godrej Consumer Merchandises: Average Daily Return of Stock| 0. 001382|Average Annual Return| 34. 83 % |Standard Deviation of Daily Stock Return| 0. 020148|Discrepancy of Daily Stock Return| 0. 000406|Covariance of Stock and NIFTY| 2. 7E-05|Geometric Mean Return| 1. 001183|BETA| 0. 185288|Required Rate of Return| 7. 01 % |Systematic Hazard of Stock| 0. 001265|Unsystematic Risk| 0. 101034|

Free Essays on Market Indicators

Standard and Poor’s 500 stock index Unlike the Dow Jones industrial average, the Standard and Poor’s 500 stock index (S&P 500) is a value-weighted index. The S&P 500 index is usually considered the benchmark for U.S. equality performance. It represents seventy percent of all U.S. publicly traded companies. Part of the index’s popularity is due to its close association with the largest mutual fund in the world, the Vanguard 500 Index Fund, and Spiders, the first exchange traded fund. As the name suggests, the S&P 500 consists of 500 companies from a diverse range of industries. Contrary to a popular misconception, the S&P 500 is not a simple list of the largest 500 companies by market capitalization or by revenues. Rather, it is 500 of the most widely held U.S.-based common stocks, chosen by the S&P Index Committee for market size, liquidity, and sector representation. "Leading companies in leading industries" is the guiding principal for S&P 500 inclusion. A small number of international companies that are widely traded in the U.S. are included, but the Index Committee has announced that only U.S.-based companies will be added in the future. The S after all, it represents approximately 70% of the value of the U.S. equity market. The listed companies are highly diverse, spanning every relevant portion of the U.S. economy. The S&P 500 index also tends to be the default when people discuss "index funds," since index funds based on other indexes were not widely available until recently. Although it is a reliable index, it has its weaknesses. The index is comprised primarily of U.S.-based companies. The S&P 500 also has significant liquidity requirements for its components, so some large, thinly traded companies are ineligible for inclusion. And because the index gives more weight to larger companies, it tends to reflect the price movement of a fairly small number of stocks. Value Lin... Free Essays on Market Indicators Free Essays on Market Indicators Standard and Poor’s 500 stock index Unlike the Dow Jones industrial average, the Standard and Poor’s 500 stock index (S&P 500) is a value-weighted index. The S&P 500 index is usually considered the benchmark for U.S. equality performance. It represents seventy percent of all U.S. publicly traded companies. Part of the index’s popularity is due to its close association with the largest mutual fund in the world, the Vanguard 500 Index Fund, and Spiders, the first exchange traded fund. As the name suggests, the S&P 500 consists of 500 companies from a diverse range of industries. Contrary to a popular misconception, the S&P 500 is not a simple list of the largest 500 companies by market capitalization or by revenues. Rather, it is 500 of the most widely held U.S.-based common stocks, chosen by the S&P Index Committee for market size, liquidity, and sector representation. "Leading companies in leading industries" is the guiding principal for S&P 500 inclusion. A small number of international companies that are widely traded in the U.S. are included, but the Index Committee has announced that only U.S.-based companies will be added in the future. The S after all, it represents approximately 70% of the value of the U.S. equity market. The listed companies are highly diverse, spanning every relevant portion of the U.S. economy. The S&P 500 index also tends to be the default when people discuss "index funds," since index funds based on other indexes were not widely available until recently. Although it is a reliable index, it has its weaknesses. The index is comprised primarily of U.S.-based companies. The S&P 500 also has significant liquidity requirements for its components, so some large, thinly traded companies are ineligible for inclusion. And because the index gives more weight to larger companies, it tends to reflect the price movement of a fairly small number of stocks. Value Lin...

Cell Phones Advantages&Disadvantages Essay Example for Free

Cell Phones Advantages&Disadvantages Essay When I have been on different school placements during my time at the College there has always been one thing I have paid more attention to and noticed in every school. This situation is a very common thing among students in Malaysia and also occurs among people who normally use more than one language. This phenomenon is called code-switching and usually happened in bilingual societies. What is code-switching? It is when a person mixes two languages in a single sentence or a conversation. This issue was ordinary to take place in Malaysian students which is learning more than one language. Our country students usually learned more than three language likes national language, mother language and etc. Our ministry of education set English as a second language in Malaysia, so Malaysian English Language Instructors and ESL (English as second Language) requires learners tend to use more than one code of language in the context of formal classroom. Now, we wants to discuss the factors that cause ESL learners to code switch and how to overcome it. 2.1 Feel More Comfortable, Environment, Lack of Confidence The first factors it cause students cannot switching code immediately because they not usual to use English and also feel custom and more comfortable to use their own language. They prefer to use their own language because it is more smoothed and easy communicate with their friend. Besides that, they also did not have a good environment or social to speak English. Take one example, we was grow in a family which does not often speak English and we just only use our mother language to communicate with our family’s in home, that is a big problem for us to learn and speak English properly. The problem will cause the students lack of confidence to speak English because they do not have basic for speak to other people. Last but not least, they also will feel shy to use English because they are afraid of speaking mistakes. 2.2 Lack of Motivation, Lack of Interest, Lack of Enforcement Furthermore, they also lack of motivation because they do not get any courage from their friend or family. When students do not have enough vocabulary word they  cannot speak any perfects English. If they cannot speak English properly, they will give their friend laugh and it will causes they do not have more interest in English. Besides that, they will also give up to learn English and also will drop out of study. Motivation may be expect to improve when class take into account students likes in teaching style and lesson material. Additionally, parents did not enforce their children to speak and learn English in home. Parents also lack of accompany with their children to teach them important of English or another language in the whole world even tourism and doing business. 2.3 Watch more English videos, more interaction, talk with others race After the factors let us talk about solutions to overcome the problem students who are face it. Lecturers can takes some video from youtube or google to share with students but ensure the video can help students to improve their English. They can also listen music English or see an English movie to increase their listen and speaking skill. We must let students have more interaction and practice among them when during lesson. Lecturers should break them into different group with different language or country to get more chance to be in touch with English in class. 2.4 Join the activity can improve English, Attended to tuition, Penalty The parents need to speak with them in English and without home language at home to improve their basic in speaking. Parents also can send them to counselling or campaign for training them to use English in social life. Students must me hardworking and go to a place which availability of additional resources or knowledge to increase their vocabulary. To give those students cannot handle the basics English parents should force them to attend tuition class. When students in the school or college, lecturers must be ensure students are in the English speaking zone to communicate with their friend without other language. Last but not least, if those students who are not follow the rules must give a heavy penalty to let them remember and would not do a same mistake against. The use of mother language is not conclusively a threat to English as a language or a subject at school. In school or college lecturers should be concern about students have the ability to differentiate the two language and separate them in formal and non-formal communications in class.  Therefore, poor performance in English cannot blame on home language, but a person’s background. In my view educators should take the responsibility and teach suitable things to enable the primary level students learn in English. Its can make them understanding in a better command of English. 1) Jtonec. (2012). A Description of How the Teacher of Language and Literature May Use Drama in Education to Overcome Low Linguistic Competency and Low Self Confidence. Available: http://www.studymode.com/essays/a-Description-Of-How-The-Teacher-1221891.html. Last accessed 12 May 2014. 2) Timmytimmkins.(2010). Effective ESL Elements. Available: http://www.studymode.com/essays/Effective-Esl-Elements-406002.html. Last accessed 10 May 2014. In this global computer science and technology, who does not have a cell phone these days? Even a child in primary school some of their parents also will give them a phone to them for easily to stay contact with parents. However in this era of technology, a cell phone most amazing things is that they are no longer just used for calling or texting. Actually, a cell phone is not just only a tool for communicate with family and it is also a tool for multimedia such as smartphones. The smartphones can use in multimedia likes games, pictures, songs and it will bring out many advantages and disadvantages for us so with this mind. Hence, should students be permitted to use cell phones in school has become a hot topic of discussion among individual. Thus, let us discuss and debate about this topic. 2.1 Access Information, Useful Application Firstly, it goes without saying that the advantages of cell phones is it can help students to overcome some of their academic problems. This is due to the reason that cell phones allow them to download some useful software such as dictionary. When they cannot understand what their lectures teaching about due to the vocabulary, they can find the meaning of the vocabulary and try to translate it to their own language by using the dictionary software  so that they will manage to understand what their lectures teaching about. In addition, they can also access ‘google’ to find the materials which they need. This is because internets have a pool of information to provide the information that they acquire. On the other hand, the student parents can also check their children whereabouts by using a phone. Besides that, the smartphone also has a lot of function such as calendar, calculator, maps finder and many technology software. I can take an example that I will use software to supervise my homework and revision to ensure that I will not waste the precious time. 2.2 Replace Pen and Paper, Use To Memory, E-learning Apart from that, using cell phones to do home works or assignments can replace the pen and reduce the paper so that this will help to reduce deforestation as well as keep away from greenhouse effect. The cell phones can also become a â€Å"memory card†, when the student insufficient time to write down all the points that the lecturers given or he or she absents the lessons, they can just take a picture and do revision at home. Furthermore, they still can take out these pictures to revise before the examination. In this way it is killing two birds with one stone a stone. Additionally, they can use for E-learning in internet by using a cell phone with their friends and lectures to discuss homework or which are they do not understand in the lesson. 2.3 Distraction Class, Cheating, Bullying Every coin has two sides, cell phone also bring some disadvantages to us. Let us discuss the disadvantages of a cell phone right now. The cell phones also bring out many troubles to students like distract the lecturer and all their friends. The meaning distract is stand for while lecturer teaching in the class the students who play games and the worst is cell phones ringing will disturb the whole class force to stop the class. After that, the students will also laugh at which classmates those who are not using the latest phone. They cannot understand their parents work hard also unable to buy a latest phone to them because new phones price is too expensive and even run up to two thousand. 2.4 Annoying Lecturers, Health Hazard, Safety of Students When lecturers is teaching in the class, the students which is mischievous will take the lecturer funny picture and upload to the social network to annoying their lecturer. These types of students do not have manners because they did not give any respect to their lecturer. England scientist investigate point out if each people using cell phones in one day more than 2 hours, they will get health hazard like shortsighted, radiation, skin cancer. So, if students bring cell phones to school they will get more times to be in touch with the disease above. Beside, students can keep play their phones and did not pay attention when they go downstairs or cross the road. It is very dangerous actions and do not behave their self and their family. In the last, students bring cell phones to school have both of advantages and disadvantages but they should know how to use the cell phones in the place is correct. We can come to a conclusion that although mobile phones have their weak points, they are very useful when they are necessary. Students are the decision makers. Therefore, we can choose which are good and bad. According to my opinion cell phones are very useful things if we use them in a proper way in the school it may help students solve many problems. 1) RaulBarrera. (2012). Disadvantages of Cell Phones in School. Available: http://www.studymode.com/essays/Disadvantages-Of-Cell-Phones-In-School-1074638.html. Last accessed 6 May 2014. 2) HayItsGio. (2012). Cell Phones in School. Available: http://www.studymode.com/essays/Cell-Phones-In-School-1317488.html. Last accessed 4 May 2014. Cell Phones Advantages&Disadvantages. (2016, Sep 23).

Young people who sexually offend Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Young people who sexually offend - Essay Example This particular group of young people is particularly challenging to deal with (Calder, 2009; Patricelli, 2009; and Rich, 2009). In order to identify and treat youth who sexually offend, certain actions must be carried out. There are approaches, techniques, research, and a theoretical overview that must be followed. The following must be taken into consideration: Furthermore, a comprehensive overview will include quite a bit of work on the part of those affected. This includes surveying literature on recidivism, evaluating the effectiveness of treatment, theoretical issues, characteristics, comparing male offenders against female offenders using an etiological model, assessing sexually abusive youth, using a multidimensional framework to treat subtypes after differentiating youth who sexually abuse, risk assessment, emerging strategies, treatment, working with parents, cognitive-behavioral treatment, an integrated experiential approach to treatment, multi-family group therapy, residential therapy and current practices therein, effectiveness of treatment, recidivism, resilience, and investigating successfully treated youth sexual offenders (Franey, 2009). â€Å"Social learning theory focuses on the learning that occurs within a social context. It considers that people learn from one another, including such concepts as observational learning, imitation, and modeling. Among others Albert Bandura is considered the leading proponent of this theory.† (Ormrod, 1999). There are certain general principles that social learning theory follows, and these are: Cognitive factors in social learning include learning without performance, learning while processing cognitively, expectations about the consequences of certain actions, reciprocal causation, and modeling. Social learning theory offers a vast array of implications for its use. â€Å"Students often learn a great deal simply by observing other people.

Management report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management report - Essay Example The approach of this research has been kept unbiased and elaborate, keeping in mind to study the past trends and the current scenarios of the industry in question and to get get a crystal clear litmus result of whether the company would benefit from such an association. Browsing through the trends and the financial records of UIS and other companies, it was found out that there was little chance of falling prey to default and that the company would likely benefit from such a trade. United Industrial Services is one of the most well known firm in its industry winning loyalties in different partners. Till date the issue of import and export has become more and more important since the advent of globalisation. Too many debates have been held, too many groups formed to cater to this need. Ergo, it is no wonder that UIS is found to be of utmost importance and its decisions, crucial. This research basically deals with the question of international trade. Must UIS indulge in such a trait? Would it be of any advantage to it? Is it an attempt to increase profits or a tragedy that would result in the vice versa. To get an unbiased and reliable view of this, history of the trends had to be read. What did international trade stand for? What were its economical, political or environmental impacts? What, if it could, UIS end up affecting other of its competitors. For this, an intense study was conducted in an attempt to look at both sides of the coin and getting a better picture. The research produced remarkable results for just as it was expected not only was the firm greatly enjoying an increase in profits and revenue, it was also ending up growing as a company. There were little chances of default, thus making it less risky. The costs reduced, profits increased. This paper indicates the reasons for international trading and brief history of

I Never Worry About the Future Essay Example for Free

I Never Worry About the Future Essay Albert Einstein Some people are trying to live a carefree life, they say that they ‘’go with the flow’’ and are not preoccupied with the future. Others think about tomorrow and the day after it so much they are constantly under stress. So which is better, to worry or not to worry about the days which are ahead of us? Planning our days in advanced is somehow necessary these days. Our world is spinning so fast that one has to know what he is doing or he ends up doing nothing. Good example of that is choosing which school or even more important, which university to enrol in. When doing that we have to consider our interests as well as which occupations can our future degree provide us. When enrolled into a school we have to study in order to have good grades or we just might not end up having expected degree and doing the job we wanted. Therefore thinking about future is good when it keeps us trying hard to achieve our goals. On the other hand being concerned about what might happen has bad affects on our health and attitude. Few days before the exam of which results may have an impact on their future, some people are so worried that their immune system does not function as it should and they become ill. What is more, stress can also enable their abilities to learn and concentrate. And last but not least because of constantly worrying those people can express their frustrations with yelling on others and their relationship with them can get worse. To conclude I would like to state that thinking and worrying about the future is something that we all do, some less, others more. The important thing is that worries do not affect on our lives so much that we cannot enjoy the moment we are living in but are still present enough to force us try and make our dreams come true.

Diary extracts from Elizabeth (Pride and Prejudice). :: English Literature

Diary extracts from Elizabeth (Pride and Prejudice). EXTRACT ONE: The first ball =========================== A new gentleman arrived in the neighbourhood, and is now renting Netherfield, a large house with extensive grounds. Of course my mother is very eager for one of her daughters to marry him, as he is single, and possesses a large fortune. Last night, at the ball it was evident who he would marry out of my sisters, and that would be Jane, my eldest sister. Not surprisingly he chose Jane, as she was by far the best looking woman there and had the finest character. Mr Bingley brought with him his friend, Mr Darcy, who we all agree to be of bad character. He was so proud that he didn't dance with any of the guests apart from Mr Bingley's close acquaintances. He was so shameless that, when Mr Bingley asked him why he wasn't dancing, and then indicated me as a suitable partner for him, he did not feel the need to lower his voice or take into consideration my feelings. He replied to Mr Bingley that I was "tolerable". If he had any compassion, he would have asked me to dance or not said anything, but now, his personality is very decided. He is proud, arrogant and selfish. EXTRACT TWO: At Netherfield =========================== I am at Netherfield, still waiting for my poor sister Jane to recuperate. I suspect she will be well soon, and we shall both be able to return home. Last night, I waited in the drawing room with the Hursts, the Bingleys, and of course Mr Darcy. The evening passed with interest, as I had ample time and opportunity to study the characters of those who were with me. There were many amusing characters, but the most amusing person had to be Miss Bingley, as I could not help but notice that she was very obviously attempting to flirt with Mr Darcy, and that Mr Darcy was ignoring her efforts deliberately. Whenever I remarked to Mr Darcy on a matter, he became more interested in me than her, even if it was a debateable comment, or even a rude one. I do not know what to think of this. Surely Mr Darcy cannot be attracted to a person such as me who is just "tolerable" I his eyes? The Next day ============ Jane joined the company last night in the drawing room, as she was feeling much healthier. She and Mr Bingley were inseparable, and again I had time to amuse myself watching Miss Bennet and Mr Darcy. I think that she was a little hurt when Mr Darcy and I got into a debate,

Harlem Renaissance Music Essay

Harlem Renaissance refers to the development of African-American arts and culture in the United States, immediately after the World War I. According to reports, the revolutionary development in the arts and culture started in Harlem, New York, thus the name â€Å"Harlem Renaissance. † Harlem Renaissance is believed to have happened between years 1919 and 1930, with 1924 to 1929 as the years when it reached its peak (Charters S. and Kundstadt L. ; â€Å"Harlem Renaissance†). The initiators and participants of the Harlem Renaissance movement include the descendants of different societies who had witnessed and first-handedly experienced slavery. Most of which were Africans or people of African descent. Others were migrants from certain racial communities and were seeking for their place in a relatively â€Å"unprejudiced† society in the United States. What was common among the participants of Harlem Renaissance was their desire for the change especially in terms of racism and African stereotyping. The union of these people based on this one value had been the seed of Harlem Renaissance which then became a major influence on not only on people with African roots across the world but also on the culture of America (Hutchinson,G. ; â€Å"Harlem Renaissance†). In challenging the specter of racism, prejudice and African stereotyping, the participants of Harlem Renaissance invoked the power of cultural tools such as literature, art and music to represent a â€Å"different† African-American who is both intellectual and productive, and in effect initiate their integration in society without any racial barrier. Part of this revolution was to uplift the spirit of the race by unifying their culture. The media of Harlem Renaissance would hold no definition for â€Å"high-African culture† or â€Å"low-African† bringing forth a new wave of artistic forms of arts and literature, thus the rise of modernism; and in particular, music, which gave birth to blues and jazz (â€Å"Harlem Renaissance†). Harlem Music Blues Blues and Jazz are two types of music that have developed in the Harlem Renaissance period. Blues, as its name implies represents music that evokes sadness, especially that inflicted by difficulties in life and love. Blues is said to have evolved from the usual African hollers and by itself, could provide the listener with an insight of the history of African Americans from being communized to the emergence of individuation. Individualized or solo songs had never been usual in the African culture and the uniqueness of the characteristics of blues represents the then changing status of African-Americans: their freedom (McElrath, J. ). In blues, the individual is emphasized making this type of music a form that can be called â€Å"personalized. † Still, even though blues can be said to be far from the typical African music, some elements of the cultural type are still present in this new form. This is what characterizes blues as African and what gives this musical form a sort of â€Å"nationality†. The â€Å"call-and-response† characteristic of the African hollers for example are still present in blues, although has been somehow reinvented to fit in the characteristics of blues. In blues, responses are made not by another participant or some other external force but by the performer herself (McElrath, J. ). To reinstate, the characteristics of blues are a representation of the new African who is more self-assured and individualized. Blues singers are usually accompanied by guitars or harmonicas (â€Å"Harlem Renaissance†). Blues started as â€Å"folk blues† sung at leisure, medicine shows and touring carnivals. It became â€Å"classic blues† as it was given professional quality by African vaudeville singers who corresponded with the folk singers. With the African-American migration to the North in early 20th century, is the blues music (Hutchinson,G. ). Blues music first came to New Orleans. With the inter-state migration of different musicians, the Blues music was scattered and was able to come to Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Chicago, Detroit and then New York where different Blues musicians started to unite and popularize the style as they perform in different clubs, theaters and dance halls (McElrath, J. ). Again, as blues became a representation of the African’s new-found freedom not only from slavery and prejudices but also from the dogmatic imposition by institutions such as churches, the popularization of the music did not become difficult. It was easily appreciated especially by those with African descent who were craving for entertainment, thus, the start of theaters and other entertainment halls (McElrath, J. ). It was in 1920 when the music became popular with Mamie Smith’s â€Å"Crazy Blues† and â€Å"It’s Right Here For You. † Blues music was at first marketed only to the African community but as music companies decided to exploit the opportunity to enter the new market, other artists like Bessie Smite, Ma Rainie, Alberta Hunter and Ethel Waters sprang up and became popular blues performers (McElrath, J. ). As blues music continued to evolve, it gave rise to a new type of music which is now popularly known as jazz music. Jazz Jazz is considered as the characterizing music of the Harlem Renaissance. This type of music may appear to be simple for untrained ears but actually involves unknown technicalities that continue to become part of the present American culture (Schuller, S. ). Jazz works based on the theory that any chord progression could be played using infinite amount of melodies. It involves talent and improvisation by both the singer and the instrumentalist, with the singer doing repeated chord progressions and the instrumentalist doing variations of vocal styles and tonal effects. The result is the collaboration of two improvisations in a single music (Schuller, S. ). As said earlier, blues contributed to the development of jazz. It can be noticed that blues themes and forms are incorporated into jazz music. This gives jazz music an African character. What characterizes jazz as a truly unique type of music, even from blues, is the flexibility in which it can be played. There are no rules in rhythm that must be followed allowing the each individual performer to become flexible and free in creating his or her own rhythm. The most common instruments used by jazz performers are piano, drums, strings and bass. The use of saxophones in jazz is usually connected to an evolutionary product of jazz called the Chicago style (Schuller, S. ). The Chicago style of jazz came about as a result of the migration of jazz artists to Chicago. This type of jazz is known for its soloist performances, relatively more complex and more difficult rhythms. Like the Blues music, the inter-state migration of artists contributed to the spreading of jazz music and its coming to New York made it a huge part of Harlem Renaissance (Morgan, T. and Barlow, W. ). A lot of jazz experimentation happened in New York. These experimentations contributed significantly to the current richness of jazz. The famous piano style, â€Å"jazz stride† was the first piano style to be incorporated into jazz and was very popular in New York. The jazz artist, Fatts Waller is famous for this style. He was also the artist who started the jazz technique, Boogie-Woogie which can be characterized as a combination of different rythms and techniques with a peculiar and repeating bass pattern. Boogie-Woogie later became what is now called Rhythm and Blues (Morgan, T. and Barlow, W. ). James Reese Europe initiated another style of jazz during the era which involved huge orchestras while jazz bands were first put together by Fletcher Henderson. Included in Henderson’s jazz band were Coleman Hawkins, Don Redman and Louis Armstrong. Blues artists often work with jazz bands and individual jazz artists (Morgan, T. and Barlow, W. ; Schuller, S. ). Harlem Renaissance Musicians Louis Armstrong was famous for his technical and yet spontaneous abilities to play jazz. He is considered as among the greatest and influential of all Harlem Renaissance musicians. Unsurprisingly, Armstrong came from New Orleans which is one of the major places that contributed to the development of Harlem Renaissance music. He learned to play cornet while at a reform school when he was twelve and showed his interest in music by staying in blues and jazz clubs. His major influence was Joe â€Å"King† Oliver who became his father figure and mentor. Armstrong soon played for Oliver’s band in Chicago then left for New York to play for Fletcher Henderson’s Orchestra. He also did lots of recordings with other Jazz and Blues artists like Clarence Williams, Red Onion Jazz, Carrol Dickenson and his wife, Lilian (â€Å"Harlem Renaissance†). Duke Ellington is another musical figure in the Harlem Renaissance. He was a composer and pianist and is considered to have brought jazz into concert halls as well as in churches. His style of music can be described as a combination of blues, jazz and swing constructed in solo instrumental performances. He was in New York City during the presented Harlem Renaissance period in 1923. At this time he was able to organize a 10-piece band (â€Å"Harlem Renaissance†). Dizzy Gillespie, was a trumpeter who was able to develop â€Å"Be-bop,† with other famous artists like Charlie Parker, Thelonious Monk and Kenny Clarke. â€Å"Be-bop† was considered as the rebellious and eccentric style of jazz. Gillespie also incorporated Latin and Cuban elements such as calypso, rhumba and tango with jazz. In addition to his contributions to music, Gillespie was also a supporter of equal rights movement (â€Å"Harlem Renaissance†). Other artists during the Harlem Renaissance include Josephine Baker; Bessie Smith, Billie Holiday, and Charlie Parker, among others. Harlem Renaissance was a point in history when African-Americans united to prove the error in stereotyping in terms of intellect and productivity. The developments in music, particularly in Blues and Jazz are certain products of this movement and have given justice to the movement’s objective proving that African-Americans can not only be superior but also developers and re-inventors of what was then just cultural and now all cultural, sensational and global. Works Cited Charters S. and Kundstadt L. , â€Å"Jazz: A History of the New York Scene†, New York: Da Capo, 1981. â€Å"Harlem Renaissance,† University of Texas. 2006. 09 Dec 2006 â€Å"Harlem Renaissance. † Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 2006. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 9 Dec 2006 . Hutchinson,G. , â€Å"The Harlem Renaisance in Black and White,† New York: Belknap Press, 1997 McElrath, J. , â€Å"The History of Blues Music. † About: African-American History. 2006. About, Inc. 9 Dec. 2006 < http://afroamhistory. about. com/od/bluesmusic/a/bluesmusic. htm>. Morgan, T. and Barlow, W. , â€Å"From Cakewalks to Concert Halls: An Illustrated History of African American Popular Music, From 1895-1930. Washington DC: Elliot and Clark, 1992. Schuller, S. â€Å"Early Jazz : Its Roots and Musical Development,† New York: Oxford, 1986.

Christian Worldview Reflection Essay

In the book, Be thou my vision: Pursuing God’s perspective in a pluralistic world it states , â€Å"provides life events and experiences that deposit eternal truths in our minds and lives, and make room for intimacy with Christ†. When I read this phrase it picked up my attention right away because I am a true believer that God always help us and never is going to leave us alone but, at the same time, I believe it is our job to be smart and choose the best choice. When I was 18 years old, God opened a door so I came to United States to play Soccer and to get a scholarship. Before that opportunity, I was not very close from Christ and never went to church and read the bible very often. Being here, I meet great people, the family that I stay with help me to get closer to God and I started going every Sunday to church and reading the bible more often. Since that moment, God is more present in my life and working through my life showing me His intimate love. With Christ being in my heart, my life has grown stronger and I try to follow His way the best that I can. The NIV of Proverbs 3:5-6 states, â€Å"Trust in the Lord with all your heart and lean not on your own understanding; acknowledge Him and He will make you path straight.† I believe that choosing that opportunity changed my life. I’m glad to be here and I am very grateful to God for giving me so good opportunities in my life. Now, it just depends on me to be successful in what I want and follow his word to be better follower of Christ

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Eli Whitney and his help to the economy essays Whitneys genius came about at the perfect time. He helped the United States start its road to success that so many of us are used to now. With his cotton gin and the concept of interchangeable parts the United States was able to compete with England, and in effect, slowly become self-sufficient. Before the cotton boom the U.S. had problems with its economy. There were no highly tradable crops or goods for the U.S. to export. The southern farmers started to find that green seed cotton was highly marketable, but there was a problem it had a rival in Island or black seed cotton. The island cotton was longer and had less clutter to be cleaned. The problem with black seed though was it could be grown in a very small area. Whitney had an idea to solve this problem. He worked and worked, then finally came up with what is now called the cotton gin. The gin could clean the green seed cotton allowing to be shipped just as the island cotton. At the time Whitney was building this, textile mills had started springing up all over the north. Now the cotton was both an exportable product as was it a natural resource used to make more goods to export. With the invention of the cotton gin, farmers could start planting more cotton and cleaning it even quicker than usual. This sped up the process which in turn would allow the farmers to charge a little more. With these raises in price and quantity, the U.S. government would benefit with the farmers on the export income. The second of Eli Whitneys inventions may have been the most important. The United States was preparing for war with France and they were in dire need for weaponry. The Springfield Armory was well equipped and slowly producing muskets, while the newly built Harpers Ferry Armory was lightly stocked and had yet to produce even one gun. This brought about a rather large problem for the Americans. They needed rifles and they needed them fas ...

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The role of immune therapy in breast cancer - Essay Example s of breast cancers that can affect women, with some forms being rare, and also some where two or three forms of cancers occur within the same form (Types of Breast Cancer 2014). The different forms of breast cancers include: Ductal carcinoma in situ, Lobular carcinoma in situ, invasive ductal carcinoma, invasive lobular carcinoma which are more common. The less common types include inflammatory breast cancer, triple negative breast cancer, paget disease of the nipple, phyllodes tumor, and angiosarcoma (Types of Breast Cancer 2014). The above figure reflects on the statistics of cases of breast cancer in the UK, as recorded for the year 2011. It can be observed that the number of cases is significant and hence immunotherapy seems to be highly essential, particularly for women are the most affected ones. Although the concept of immunotherapy has developed as a revolution over the recent times; however its roots can be found dated back to 1778 when the first vaccine was administered against smallpox by Edward Jenner who was an English physician (Cancer and the Immune System: The Vital Connection n.d.). The immune system involves collection of cells that protect the body from microbes and bacteria and hence tries to protect the body from diseases. Innate immunity and adaptive immunity are the two divisions in which the defense of the body against microbes works (Mooi 2010; The innate and adaptive immune systems n.d.). The innate immune system is such where cells and proteins are ready to fight the microbes always and hence protect the body at the site where the infection takes place. The major constituents of this system include physical epithelial barriers, phagocytic leucocytes, dendritic cells, natural killer cell which is a special type of lymphocyte, and circulating plasma proteins (Mooi 2010; The innate and adaptive immune systems n.d.). The adaptive system is different from the innate immune system in the sense that it is initiated to overcome or avoid the

IT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

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